/* Google Fonts Import for LTR and RTL Support */
@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Roboto:ital,wght@0,300;0,400;0,500;0,700;1,300;1,400;1,500;1,700&display=swap');
@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Noto+Naskh+Arabic:wght@400;500;600;700&display=swap');

/* Base Font System with Antialiasing */
* {
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
    font-smoothing: antialiased;
}

body, html {
    font-family: 'Roboto', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;
    font-weight: 400;
    line-height: 1.6;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
    text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

/* RTL Language Support */
[dir="rtl"], .rtl, [lang="ar"], [lang="fa"], [lang="he"], [lang="ur"] {
    font-family: 'Noto Naskh Arabic', 'Nazanin', 'Tahoma', 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif;
    direction: rtl;
    text-align: right;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}

/* RTL Typography Adjustments */
[dir="rtl"] h1, [dir="rtl"] h2, [dir="rtl"] h3, [dir="rtl"] h4, [dir="rtl"] h5, [dir="rtl"] h6,
.rtl h1, .rtl h2, .rtl h3, .rtl h4, .rtl h5, .rtl h6 {
    font-family: 'Noto Naskh Arabic', 'Nazanin', 'Tahoma', 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif;
    font-weight: 600;
}

/* RTL Navigation and UI Elements */
[dir="rtl"] .navbar-brand, [dir="rtl"] .site-name .navbar-brand,
.rtl .navbar-brand, .rtl .site-name .navbar-brand {
    font-family: 'Noto Naskh Arabic', 'Nazanin', 'Tahoma', 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif;
    font-weight: 700;
}

/* Enhanced Typography for All Elements */
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, .h1, .h2, .h3, .h4, .h5, .h6 {
    font-family: 'Roboto', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;
    font-weight: 500;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}

/* Navigation and Menu Elements */
.navbar, .nav, .navbar-nav, #main-navigation {
    font-family: 'Roboto', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;
    font-weight: 400;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}

/* Form Elements and Buttons */
input, textarea, select, button, .btn {
    font-family: 'Roboto', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}

/* Article and Content Elements */
.article-details, .pkp_page_article, .media-body {
    font-family: 'Roboto', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}

.no-padding {
    padding: 0px
}

h2,
.h2 {
    font-size: 1.7em;
}

h1,
.h1 {
    font-size: 1.8em;
}

.navbar-default .dropdown-menu>li>a:hover,
.navbar-default .dropdown-menu>.active>a,
.navbar-default .dropdown-menu>.active>a:hover {
    background-color: #ffffff !important;
}

.navbar-default .navbar-brand:hover {
     color: #0a4f9f;
     background-color: none;
    font-weight: 400;
}

.navbar-default .dropdown-menu>li>a,
.navbar-default .dropdown-menu>li>a:focus {
    color: #fff;
}

.navbar .btn,
.header_view .btn {
    padding-top: 6px;
    padding-bottom: 6px;
    height: 31px;
    font-size: 0.9em;
}

.navbar-default .dropdown-menu {
    background-color: rgb(248, 242, 242);
}

.navbar-default .navbar-nav>.open>a,
.navbar-default .navbar-nav>.open>a:focus,
.header_view .navbar-nav>.open>a,
.header_view .navbar-nav>.open>a:focus {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    color: rgb(77, 77, 77);
}

.navbar,
.header_view {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.navbar-default .nav>li>a:hover,
.header_view .nav>li>a:hover {
    background: none;
}

.navbar-default .nav>li>a:focus,
.navbar-default .nav>li>a:active,
.header_view .nav>li>a:focus,
.header_view .nav>li>a:active {
    background: none;
    font-weight: bold;
}


/* Border shadowed style */

.or-spacer {
    margin-top: 50px;
    width: 100%;
    position: relative;
}

.or-spacer .mask {
    overflow: hidden;
    height: 20px;
}

.or-spacer .mask::after {
    content: '';
    display: block;
    margin: -25px auto 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 25px;
    border-radius: 125px / 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 0 8px #B6B6B6;
}


/* end Border shadowed style */

.site-name .navbar-brand,
.page-header {
    font-family: 'Roboto', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: #0a4f9f;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}

.navbar-brand {
    font-size: 25px;
}

/* Responsive navbar brand (journal name) */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .navbar-brand {
        font-size: 20px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
    .navbar-brand {
        font-size: 18px;
    }
}

.panel-default>.panel-heading,
.pkp_block .title {
    border-color: #f5f5f5;
}

.panel-default, .pkp_block, .list-group-item, .pkp_block ul li  {
    border-color: #f5f5f5;
}



.journal_index {
    /* background: url('../images/bg_transparent.png') repeat; */
    /* background-image: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(255, 254, 254, 0.6) 0%,rgba(223, 222, 222, 0.6) 100%), url('../images/image_header.jpg'); */
    /* background: url('../images/nav-one.png') repeat; */
    /* background: url('../images/assets/header_red.jpg') top right no-repeat;
 */
    min-height: 140px;
    margin: -20px 0px 20px;
    padding: 20px 0px 20px;
    -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0px -4px 5px -3px rgba(166, 166, 166, 0.29);
    -moz-box-shadow: inset 0px -4px 5px -3px rgba(166, 166, 166, 0.29);
    box-shadow: inset 0px -4px 5px -3px rgba(166, 166, 166, 0.29);
    border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(255, 255, 255);
}

.journal_index .site_description {
    border: 1px solid rgb(231, 231, 231);
    background: white;
    border-radius: 10px;
    margin-left: 10px;
}

.journal_index .about_site {
    font-size: 13px;
    padding: 20px 5px;
}

.journal_index h1 {
    font-size: 18px;
    font-weight: bold;
    margin: 0px 0px 10px 0px;
    font-style: italic;
    color: rgb(74, 74, 75);
}

/* Responsive journal index header */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .journal_index {
        margin: -15px 0px 15px;
        padding: 15px 0px 15px;
        min-height: 100px;
    }

    .journal_index h1 {
        font-size: 16px;
    }

    .journal_index .about_site {
        font-size: 12px;
        padding: 15px 5px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
    .journal_index {
        margin: -10px 0px 10px;
        padding: 10px 0px 10px;
        min-height: 80px;
    }

    .journal_index h1 {
        font-size: 14px;
        margin: 0px 0px 8px 0px;
    }

    .journal_index .about_site {
        font-size: 11px;
        padding: 10px 5px;
    }
}

.journal_index .statement {
    margin-top: -5px
}

.journal_index .site_logo {
    border: 1px solid rgb(231, 231, 231);
    background: white;
    border-radius: 10px;
    margin: 10px 0;
}

.block_make_submission a, .block_makeSubmission a {
    border: 1px solid red;
}

.user_navigation {
    padding: 2px;
}

.site_header {
    border-top: 1px solid rgb(233, 233, 233);
}

.pkp_structure_page {
    background: rgb(253, 253, 253);
}

#main_content {
    padding-top: 20px;
}

.main_content main {
    border: 1px solid rgb(230, 230, 230);
    border-radius: 8px;
    -webkit-box-shadow: 4px 4px 5px -3px rgba(166, 166, 166, 0.35);
    -moz-box-shadow: 4px 4px 5px -3px rgba(166, 166, 166, 0.35);
    box-shadow: 4px 4px 5px -3px rgba(166, 166, 166, 0.35);
    background: white;
    padding: 20px;
}

.page-header {
    padding: 0px !important;
    margin-top: 0px !important;
}

#main-navigation li a {
    font-size: 1.1em;
}

#main-navigation li a:hover {
    color: #0a4f9f;
}

#main-site>div>div>h2 {
    margin-top: 10px;
}

.page-header h2 {
    font-size: 2em;
}

.media ul.nav-pills {
    display: block;
    float: right;
    margin-top: 10px;
}

.media .media-heading {
    font-size: 1.2em;
    font-family: 'Roboto', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;
    font-weight: 500;
    border-bottom: 1px dotted rgb(207, 207, 209);
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
    padding-bottom: 8px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(241, 241, 241);
}

.media-left img {
    max-width: 200px;
}

.media .nav-pills li a {
    border: 1px solid rgb(213, 213, 214);
    margin-right: 10px;
    padding: 8px 10px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 1);
    background: -moz-linear-gradient(top, rgba(255, 255, 255, 1) 0%, rgba(246, 246, 246, 0.99) 47%, rgba(237, 237, 237, 0.97) 100%);
    background: -webkit-gradient(left top, left bottom, color-stop(0%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 1)), color-stop(47%, rgba(246, 246, 246, 0.99)), color-stop(100%, rgba(237, 237, 237, 0.97)));
    background: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgba(255, 255, 255, 1) 0%, rgba(246, 246, 246, 0.99) 47%, rgba(237, 237, 237, 0.97) 100%);
    background: -o-linear-gradient(top, rgba(255, 255, 255, 1) 0%, rgba(246, 246, 246, 0.99) 47%, rgba(237, 237, 237, 0.97) 100%);
    background: -ms-linear-gradient(top, rgba(255, 255, 255, 1) 0%, rgba(246, 246, 246, 0.99) 47%, rgba(237, 237, 237, 0.97) 100%);
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(255, 255, 255, 1) 0%, rgba(246, 246, 246, 0.99) 47%, rgba(237, 237, 237, 0.97) 100%);
    filter: progid: DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient( startColorstr='#ffffff', endColorstr='#ededed', GradientType=0);
}

a.galley-link {
    font-size: 0.7em;
    border: 1px solid #efefef;
    padding: 4px 12px;
    margin: 5px 0;
    background: #8ee5ff;
    border-radius: 2px;
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(255,255,255,1) 0%, rgba(246,246,246,1) 47%, rgba(237,237,237,1) 100%);
}

a.galley-link:hover {
    text-decoration: none;
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(255,255,255,1) 0%, rgba(246,246,246,1) 47%, rgb(216, 212, 212) 100%);
}

.btn-group {
    margin: 8px 0 20px 0;
}


/* Journal Spesific View */

.article-details {
    margin-bottom: 40px;
}

.pkp_page_article article h1.page-header {
    font-size: 1.8em;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.article-details header small {
    color: #0a4f9f;
    margin-bottom: 10px
}

.article-details .article-summary,
.article-references {
    margin: 40px 0px;
}

.article-references-content ol li {
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.article-details .issue_detail {
    margin-bottom: 10px
}

.article-details .panel-heading {
    font-weight: bold;
}

.pkp_page_article .article-details h2 {
    font-size: 1.6em;
    font-weight: 400
}

.pkp_page_article .article-more-details .panel {
    border-radius: 0px;
    box-shadow: none;
    -webkit-box-shadow: none;
    border: 1px solid #ebeaea;
}

.pkp_page_article .article-more-details .panel-default>.panel-heading {
    background: none;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #ebeaea;
    color: #1d1d1d;
    font-size: 1.2em;
}

.pkp_page_article .article-details .panel-default>.panel-heading {
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(254,255,255,1) 0%,rgba(234,243,247,1) 100%);
    border-bottom: 1px solid #f5f5f5;
    color: #1d1d1d;
    font-size: 1.2em;
}

.article-details .author .orcid a {
    vertical-align: top;
    margin-left: 5px
}

.article-details .author .orcid_icon {
    width: 20px;
    height: 20px;
}

.article-details .author-bios .biography {
    margin-bottom: 0px
}

.article-details .author-bios .biography h3 {
    font-size: 1.3em;
    color: #0a4f9f;
}

.article-details .article_counter_read {
    display: inline-block;
    width: 20px;
    height: 10px;
    background: url('../images/bar_chart_icon.png') no-repeat top left;
    color: white;
}

.article-details .doi_link {
    background-size: 20px !important;
    height: 30px !important;
    background: url('../images/DOI_logo.svg') no-repeat center left;
    padding: 5px 0px 5px 30px
}

h3 {
    font-size: 1.5em;
    font-weight: 400;
}

.page-header {
    border-bottom: 1px solid #f5f3f3;
}

.current_issue .page-header h2 {
    font-size: 1.4em;
    font-weight: 400;
}



footer[role="contentinfo"] {
    background: #0a4f9f;
    color: white;
    padding: 50px 0 30px 0;
    text-align: center;
    width: 100%;
    margin: 0;
}

.footer-content {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 20px;
}

.footer-text {
    text-align: justify;
    text-justify: inter-word;
    line-height: 1.6;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    padding: 0 40px;
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 300;
    letter-spacing: 0.3px;
    max-width: 100%;
}

/* Desktop-specific footer text styling */
@media (min-width: 769px) {
    .footer-text {
        padding: 0 60px;
        font-size: 16px;
        line-height: 1.7;
        text-align: justify;
        hyphens: auto;
        word-spacing: 0.1em;
    }
}

.footer-text p {
    margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.footer-text a {
    color: #ffffff;
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.footer-text a:hover {
    color: #e0e0e0;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.footer-theme-tag {
    text-align: center;
    margin: 15px auto 0;
    font-size: 13px;
    opacity: 0.9;
    padding-top: 15px;
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    display: block;
}

.footer-theme-tag::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    width: 100vw;
    height: 1px;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
    margin: 0 calc(-50vw + 50%);
}

.footer-theme-tag a {
    color: #ffffff;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.footer-theme-tag a:hover {
    color: #e0e0e0;
    text-decoration: underline;
}



footer .fa {
    margin-right: 10px;
    font-size: 1.3em;
    color: #ffffff
}

.contact_section .email_header {
    font-size: 1.7em;
}

.contact_section .fa {
    font-size: 1.1em;
    margin-right: 20px;
    color: #ffffff
}

.contact_section .contact .fa {
    font-size: 1.4em;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

/* Responsive footer text styling */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    footer[role="contentinfo"] {
        padding: 30px 0 20px 0;
        text-align: center;
    }

    .footer-content {
        max-width: 90%;
        padding: 0 15px;
    }

    .footer-text {
        text-align: justify;
        text-justify: inter-word;
        padding: 0 15px;
        font-size: 14px;
        line-height: 1.5;
    }

    .footer-theme-tag::before {
        width: 100vw;
        margin: 0 calc(-50vw + 50%);
    }

    .contact_section .email_header {
        font-size: 1.4em;
    }

    footer .fa {
        font-size: 1.1em;
    }

    .contact_section .fa {
        font-size: 1.0em;
        margin-right: 15px;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
    footer[role="contentinfo"] {
        padding: 20px 0 15px 0;
    }

    .footer-content {
        max-width: 95%;
        padding: 0 10px;
    }

    .footer-text {
        text-align: justify;
        text-justify: inter-word;
        padding: 0 10px;
        font-size: 13px;
        line-height: 1.4;
    }

    .footer-theme-tag {
        font-size: 12px;
    }

    .footer-theme-tag::before {
        width: 100vw;
        margin: 0 calc(-50vw + 50%);
    }

    .contact_section .email_header {
        font-size: 1.2em;
    }

    footer .fa {
        font-size: 1.0em;
        margin-right: 8px;
    }

    .contact_section .fa {
        font-size: 0.9em;
        margin-right: 10px;
    }

    .contact_section .contact .fa {
        font-size: 1.2em;
        margin-bottom: 8px;
    }
}

.pkp_block.block_custom h2.title.pkp_screen_reader {
    display: none;
}








/* Enhanced Footer Styling */
footer[role="contentinfo"] {
    background: #0a4f9f;
    background: linear-gradient(to right, #0a4f9f 0%, #083d7f 100%);
    color: #ffffff;
    padding: 2.5em 0;
    margin-top: 4em;
    border-top: 4px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
    box-shadow: 0 -5px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

footer[role="contentinfo"] .container {
    padding: 0 2em;
}

footer[role="contentinfo"] h3 {
    font-size: 1.4em;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 1.2em;
    position: relative;
    padding-bottom: 0.5em;
}

footer[role="contentinfo"] h3:after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 50px;
    height: 3px;
    background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
}

footer[role="contentinfo"] p {
    line-height: 1.8;
    margin-bottom: 1.5em;
    border-left: 3px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
    padding-left: 1em;
}

footer[role="contentinfo"] a {
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
    text-decoration: none;
    display: inline-block;
    margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}

footer[role="contentinfo"] a:hover {
    color: #ffffff;
    transform: translateX(5px);
}

footer[role="contentinfo"] .footer-links {
    list-style: none;
    padding-left: 0;
}

footer[role="contentinfo"] .footer-links li {
    margin-bottom: 0.8em;
}

footer[role="contentinfo"] .footer-links li a {
    position: relative;
    padding-left: 15px;
}

footer[role="contentinfo"] .footer-links li a:before {
    content: '→';
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

footer[role="contentinfo"] .footer-links li a:hover:before {
    left: 5px;
}

/* Copyright section */
footer[role="contentinfo"] .copyright {
    margin-top: 2em;
    padding-top: 1.5em;
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
    text-align: center;
    font-size: 0.9em;
}

/* Responsive adjustments */
@media (max-width: 767px) {
    footer[role="contentinfo"] .col-md-4 {
        margin-bottom: 2em;
    }
    
    footer[role="contentinfo"] h3 {
        font-size: 1.2em;
    }
}




// ... existing code ...
.navbar-form .form-control:focus {
    border-color: #0a4f9f;
    box-shadow: 0 0 8px rgba(10, 79, 159, 0.2);
}
.pkp_block.block_information .content ul {
    list-style: none;
    padding-left: 0;
    margin: 0;
}

.pkp_block.block_information .content li {
    margin-bottom: 0.5em;
}

.pkp_block.block_information .content li a {
    color: #555;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 1em;
    padding: 0.6em 0.8em;
    display: block;
    transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out;
    border-radius: 1px;
}

.pkp_block.block_information .content li a:hover {
    color: #0a4f9f;
    background-color: rgba(10, 79, 159, 0.05);
    padding-left: 1.2em;
}